How to Cite Websites in Law Review Articles

"The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source."The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation i (Columbia Constabulary Review Ass'due north et al. eds., 21st ed. 2020).

Citations in legal writing serve 2 purposes:

• Attribution - to identify the source of ideas expressed in the text, and
• Support - to straight the reader to specific authority supporting the proposition in the text

Avoid accidental plagiarism past citing a source for whatsoever idea that is not original.

In that location are many copies of the Bluebook on reserve. Ask for ane at the Circulation Desk. You can subscribe to the Bluebook online here.

The white pages in the Bluebook address bookish commendation. This is citation for police reviews, journals, and other bookish legal publications. These are the rules you will use for an academic newspaper or law review article.

The Bluepages section of the Bluebook addressesnon-academic commendation. Information technology is commendation for practitioners and law clerks. Hither y'all will find guidance and examples of citation formats that you will utilize when writing your memoranda, briefs, and other courtroom documents. This is the format for legal documents.

Folio vii has a helpful table that sets out the differences betwixt the typeface used in non-bookish and academic commendation.

Front end inside cover	Quick Reference Guide to Law Review Footnotes. These rules are for academic legal citation. You will utilise them for writing your upper level papers and law review notes and comments.
Table of Contents	Pages IX - Xvi Guide to the Bluepages rules and the academic (white pages) rules and tables.
TheBluepages	Includes introduction to basic legal citation for practitioners and rules B1-B21. Also includes Blue Tables (BT) 1-ii.
Rules ane-9	General rules covering structure and apply of citations (rule ane); typefaces (rule two); subdivisions (rule three); brusque forms (rule 4); quotations (dominion 5); abbreviations, numerals, and symbols (dominion half dozen); italicization for fashion and in unique circumstances (dominion 7); capitalization (dominion 8); and titles of judges, officials, and terms of court (dominion ix).
Rules 10-19	Rules for citing specific sources, including cases (rule 10); constitutions (dominion 11); statutes (rule 12); legislative materials (rule 13); authoritative and executive materials (dominion fourteen); books, reports, and other nonperiodic materials (rule 15); periodicals (dominion xvi); unpublished and forthcoming sources (rule 17); the internet (rule eighteen); and services (rule 19).
Rules 20-21	Rules for citing foreign and international constabulary.
Tables T1 - T16	Table T1 contains guidance on example law and statutory citation by jurisdiction. Tabular array T6 covers abbreviations for case names. Table x covers abbreviations for geographical terms.
Index	Detailed guide to the Bluebook rules.
Back inside comprehend	Quick Reference Guide to Court Documents and Legal Memoranda.
Back comprehend	Contains outline of Bluebook contents.

Court	Unofficial reporters	Official reporter (reporter required by Bluebook table T1 is in blue)	Example (with pinpoint page)	Short course example  (when you tin't use id.)
U.Southward. Supreme Court	West's Supreme Court Reporter (South. Ct.) Lawyer's Edition (Fifty. Ed.)	Usa Reports (U.Due south.)	Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.Southward. 436, 442 (1966).	Miranda, 384 U.Southward. at new folio.
U.S. Courts of Appeals		Federal Reporter (F., F.2d, F.3d)	Envtl. Def. Fund v. EPA, 465 F.2d 528, 529 (D.C. Cir. 1972).	Envtl. Def. Fund, 465 F.2d at new page.
U.South. District Courts		Federal Supplement (F. Supp., F. Supp 2d, F. Supp. 3d)	Duren v. Bennett, 275 F. Supp. 2d 374, 377 (E.D.N.Y. 2003).	Duren, 275 F. Supp. 2d at new page.

• Pace Law Library Guide to Case Citations

  Includes details on which court decisions are cited in each of the West regional reporters, federal reporters, and North.Y. land reporters.

Court	Official reporter	Unofficial reporters (reporter required by Bluebook table T1 is in bluish)	Example (with pinpoint page)	Short form instance (when you can't use id.)
N.Y. Court of Appeals	New York Reports (Due north.Y., N.Y.2d, N.Y.3d)	New York Supplement (Northward.Y.S., N.Y.S.2d, N.Y.Due south.3d) North Eastern Reporter (N.E., N.Due east.2d, Due north.E.3d)	People 5. Rosario, 173 Due north.E.2d 881, 885 (Due north.Y. 1961).	Rosario, 173 N.East.2nd at new page.
N.Y. Supreme Court, Appellate Sectionalization	Appellate Division Reports (A.D., A.D.2d, A.D.3d)	New York Supplement (Due north.Y.S., North.Y.S.2d , N.Y.Due south.3d)	People v. Ray, 527 N.Y.South.second 864, 865 (App. Div. 2d Dep't 1988).	Ray, 527 Northward.Y.S.2d at new page.
N.Y. trial level courts*	Miscellaneous Reports (Misc., Misc. 2nd, Misc. 3d)	New York Supplement (N.Y.South., N.Y.S.2d, North.Y.S.3d)	People v. Arthur, 673 N.Y.S.2d 486, 487 (Sup. Ct. 1997).	Arthur, 673 N.Y.S.2d at new page.

*The trial level courts in New York include the Supreme Court, Court of Claims, Family Court, Surrogate's Courtroom, County Courts, City Courts, Ceremonious Court of the Metropolis of New York, Criminal Court of the Metropolis of New York, District Courts of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, and Boondocks and Village Justice Courts. Opinions of the Appellate Term, an intermediate appellate court in the 1st and 2nd Departments, are also published in Miscellaneous Reports.

To summarize: for New York, cite the New York Supplement for all courts except the highest courtroom, the New York Court of Appeals. Cite the North Eastern Reporter for the New York Court of Appeals.

• Guide to New York Case Citations

  Single page chart of virtually commonly cited case reporters for New York Land.

Lawmaking	Official compilation (version preferred by Bluebook table T1 is in bluish)	Unofficial compilations (version preferred by Bluebook table T1 is in blueish)	Example	Short course (when you tin't use id.)
Federal	Usa Code (U.S.C.)	United states of america Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.) Usa Code Service (U.S.C.South.)	xviii U.S.C. § 231 (2016). 18 U.Due south.C.A. § 231 (W 2015). eighteen U.South.C.S. § 231 (LexisNexis 2009).	18 U.S.C. § 231 xviii U.S.C.A. § 231 18 U.Southward.C.S. § 231 or § 231
New York		McKinney'due south Consolidated Laws of New York) (McKinney) Consolidated Laws Service (C.50.Due south.)	North.Y. PENAL LAW § 120.10 (McKinney 2009). N.Y. PENAL LAW § 120.ten (Consol. 2009).	Due north.Y. PENAL FiftyAW § 120.x North.Y. PENAL 50AW § 120.10 or § 120.10

Bluebook rule 12.3.2 requires the publication appointment of the print or an authenticated electronic edition in the parenthetical.

• For the U.S.C., at that place is an authenticated version hither.
• For the U.S.C.A., the most recent chart with the dates of the print volumes is on this page. Click Summary of contents on the left.
• For Due north.Y., the most recent nautical chart with dates of the McKinney's print volumes is on this folio. Click Summary of contents on the left.
• For Calif., there is a chart with the dates of the print volumes hither
• For Pa., in that location is a nautical chart with the dates of the print volumes on this page. Click Summary of contents on the left.
• For N.J., the near contempo chart with dates of the print volumes is on this folio. Click Summary of contents on the left.

If the lawmaking is published by West (Thomson Reuters), wait in the Thomson Reuters store and very often there volition be a TOC with the dates of publication.

Secondary source	Example (includes pinpoint folio or section)	Short form (when you can't utilize id.)
Book (single volume) (dominion xv)	FiftyINDA C. FENTIMAN, BLAMING ChiliadOTHERS: AMERICAN FiftyAW AND THE RISK TO CHILDREN'S HEALTH 55 (2017).	FENTIMAN ,supra, at new page.
Book (multi-volume) (rule fifteen)	3 MICHAEL B. GrandUSHLIN, RIGHTS OF PRISONERS § 2.2 (5th ed. 2017).	M USHLIN , supra, § new section.
Police review commodity (rule xvi.4, tables T10, T13)	BENNETT L. GERSHMAN, Constitutionalizing Ethics, 38 PACE L. REV. 40, 42 (2017).	GERSHMAN , supra, at new page.
Legal encyclopedia (dominion 15.eight)	17 AM. JUR. 2dAnimals § 27 (2018).	17 AThousand. JUR. 2d, supra, new section.
Restatement (rule 12.nine.iv)	RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF TORTS § 46 (AM. LAW INST. 1965).	R ESTATEMENT  (Southward ECOND ) OF  T ORTS § new section. T ORTS § new section.
American Law Reports (rule 16.7.6)	Marjorie A. Shields, Annotation,Snowboarder'southward  Liability for Injuries to or Decease of Another Person, 15 A.Fifty.R.6th 161 (2006).	Shields, supra, at new page.
Paper commodity (rule16.6, tables T10, T13)	Adam Liptak, Wartime Internment of Japanese Looms Over Tr avel Ban Example, N.Y. TIMES, April. 17, 2018, at A12. Adam Liptak, Travel Ban Case Is Shadowed by One of Supreme Courtroom'southward Darkest Moments, N.Y. TIMES (Apr. xvi, 2018), https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/16/us/politics/travel-ban-japanese-internment-trump-supreme-court.html.	Liptak, supra, at new page. Liptak, supra.

• Citing McKinney's Practise Commentaries
• Citing North.Y. Criminal Jury Instructions

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Source: https://libraryguides.law.pace.edu/legalwriting/bluebookinglawreview

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